The calcium gluconate reacts with hydrofluoric acid to form insoluble, non-toxic calcium fluoride. Gel preparations of calcium gluconate are used to treat hydrofluoric acid burns. Excess magnesium sulfate results in magnesium sulfate toxicity, which results in both respiratory depression and a loss of deep tendon reflexes ( hyporeflexia). Magnesium sulfate is no longer given to pregnant women who are experiencing premature labor in order to slow or stop their contractions (other tocolytics are now used instead due to better efficacy and side effect profiles). It is also used to counteract an overdose of Epsom salts magnesium sulfate, which is often administered to pregnant women in order to prophylactically prevent seizures (as in a patient experiencing preeclampsia). Though it does not have an effect on potassium levels in the blood, it reduces the excitability of cardiomyocytes, thereby lowering the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmias. It is recommended when the potassium levels are high (>6.5 mmol/L) or when the electrocardiogram (ECG) shows changes due to high blood potassium. Therefore, if the hypocalcemia is acute and severe, calcium chloride is given instead.Ĭalcium gluconate is used as a cardioprotective agent in people with high blood potassium levels, with one alternative being the use of calcium chloride. This form of calcium is not as well absorbed as calcium lactate, and it only contains 0.93% (930 mg/dL) calcium ion (defined by 1 g weight solute in 100 mL of solution to make 1% solution w/v). Medical uses Low blood calcium ġ0% calcium gluconate solution (given intravenously) is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of low blood calcium. These three methods are: chemical oxidation of glucose with a hypochlorite solution, electrolytic oxidation of a glucose solution containing a known value of bromide, and a fermentation process where specific microorganisms are grown in a medium containing glucose and various other ingredients. Production Ĭalcium gluconate is produced commercially through three main methods. Calcium gluconate is available as a generic medication. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Ĭalcium gluconate came into medical use in the 1920s. Calcium gluconate is made by mixing gluconic acid with calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide. ![]() At normal doses, use is regarded as safe in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Blood calcium levels should be measured when used and extra care should be taken in those with a history of kidney stones. When taken by mouth side effects may include constipation and nausea. Side effects when injected include slow heart rate, pain at the site of injection, and low blood pressure. It can also be taken by mouth but is not recommended for injection into a muscle. Supplementation may be done to treat or prevent osteoporosis or rickets. ![]() Supplementation is generally only required when there is not enough calcium in the diet. ![]() As a medication it is used by injection into a vein to treat low blood calcium, high blood potassium, and magnesium toxicity. Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of gluconic acid and is used as a mineral supplement and medication.
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